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Tigran Petrosian
Petrosian 
 

Number of games in database: 2,136
Years covered: 1942 to 1983
Highest rating achieved in database: 2660
Overall record: +777 -173 =1164 (64.3%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 22 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 King's Indian (133) 
    E92 E81 E80 E60 E91
 Queen's Indian (88) 
    E12 E14 E19 E17 E15
 Nimzo Indian (86) 
    E41 E40 E46 E55 E54
 Queen's Gambit Declined (76) 
    D37 D30 D35 D31 D38
 English, 1 c4 c5 (67) 
    A30 A34 A36 A32 A33
 Queen's Pawn Game (65) 
    A46 A40 D02 E10 D05
With the Black pieces:
 French Defense (151) 
    C07 C16 C11 C18 C15
 Sicilian (148) 
    B94 B81 B52 B84 B40
 Caro-Kann (90) 
    B18 B17 B11 B14 B12
 King's Indian (89) 
    E67 E60 E91 E63 E81
 Nimzo Indian (60) 
    E54 E32 E58 E46 E52
 French Tarrasch (59) 
    C07 C05 C03 C09
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   Petrosian vs Spassky, 1966 1-0
   Petrosian vs Pachman, 1961 1-0
   Spassky vs Petrosian, 1966 0-1
   Petrosian vs Botvinnik, 1963 1-0
   Petrosian vs Smyslov, 1961 1-0
   Petrosian vs Fischer, 1971 1-0
   Fischer vs Petrosian, 1959 1/2-1/2
   Kasparov vs Petrosian, 1981 0-1
   Reshevsky vs Petrosian, 1953 1/2-1/2
   Petrosian vs Korchnoi, 1946 1-0

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS: [what is this?]
   Botvinnik - Petrosian World Championship Match (1963)
   Petrosian - Spassky World Championship Match (1966)
   Petrosian - Spassky World Championship Match (1969)

NOTABLE TOURNAMENTS: [what is this?]
   Georgian Championship (1945)
   URS-ch sf Tbilisi (1956)
   Curacao Candidates (1962)
   Nimzowitsch Memorial, Copenhagen (1960)
   USSR Championship 1961a (1961)
   USSR Championship (1959)
   Trade Unions Championship (1964)
   Buenos Aires (1964)
   Keres Memorial (1979)
   USSR Championship (1951)
   USSR Championship (1969)
   Bled-Zagreb-Belgrade Candidates (1959)
   USSR Championship (1960)
   Bled (1961)
   Stockholm Interzonal (1962)

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   Petrosian Games Only by fredthebear
   Match Petrosian! by amadeus
   Match Petrosian! by docjan
   0ZeR0's collected games volume 278 by 0ZeR0
   0ZeR0's collected games volume 279 by 0ZeR0
   Python Strategy (Petrosian) by MentallyEelFiance
   Python Strategy (Petrosian) by Okavango
   Python Strategy (Petrosian) by Qindarka
   Python Strategy (Petrosian) by enog
   Python Strategy (Petrosian) by losi
   Python Strategy (Petrosian) by knightstorm
   Tigran Petrosian's Best Games by doug27
   Biggest Heritor of Nimzo by Gottschalk
   Tigran Petrosian's Best Games by Okavango


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TIGRAN PETROSIAN
(born Jun-17-1929, died Aug-13-1984, 55 years old) Georgia (federation/nationality Armenia)
PRONUNCIATION:
[what is this?]

Tigran Vartanovich Petrosian was the World Champion from 1963 until 1969. He was born in Tiflis (modern day Tbilisi) in Georgia to Armenian parents, but eventually relocated to Armenia in 1946 before moving to Moscow in 1949.

Petrosian was an avid student of Aron Nimzowitsch 's theories. His play was renowned for its virtually impenetrable defence and patient manoeuvring, a technique that earned him the nickname "Iron Tigran". Despite this, his capacity for dealing with tactical complications when the need arose prompted Boris Spassky to comment that: "It is to Petrosian's advantage that his opponents never know when he is suddenly going to play like Mikhail Tal ", and Robert James Fischer to observe that "He has an incredible tactical view, and a wonderful sense of the danger... No matter how much you think deep... He will 'smell' any kind of danger 20 moves before!" Petrosian's pioneering use of the positional exchange sacrifice underscored both his positional and tactical grasp of the game. Moreover, he has two major opening systems named after him: the Petrosian Variation of the King's Indian Defence (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 O-O 6.Be2 e5 7.d5) and the Petrosian System in the Queen's Indian Defence (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.a3).

National Championships: Petrosian's first major win was the championship of Georgia in 1945 when he was 16. He won the 5th USSR Junior Championship in 1946 with a score of 14/15, and again in 1946. He won or came equal first in the championships of Armenia held in 1946, 1948, 1974, 1976 and 1980, won the Moscow championship in 1951; and shared first place with Vladimir Simagin and David Bronstein in the 1956 and 1968 Moscow Championships respectively. He gained his International Master title in the 1951 Soviet Championships, and went on to win the Soviet championship outright three times in 1959, 1961, and 1975, sharing the title with Lev Polugaevsky in 1969.

World championships: Petrosian won his Grandmaster title when he came equal second in the 1952 Interzonal tournament in Stockholm, which also qualified him for the 1953 Candidates tournament in Zurich. An eight time Candidate for the World Championship in 1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980, he won the Curacao Candidates Tournament of 1962 without losing a single game. The following year, he won the Botvinnik - Petrosian World Championship Match (1963) to become the 9th official World Chess Champion. He retained his title by winning the Petrosian - Spassky World Championship Match (1966), the first time since the Alekhine - Bogoljubov World Championship Rematch (1934) that the World Champion had succeeded in winning a title match. This feat was not repeated until Anatoly Karpov 's success at the Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match (1978). He also advanced to the Fischer - Petrosian Candidates Final (1971) semifinals, but lost, thereby losing the opportunity to qualify to the 1972 championship.

Team Play: Petrosian played in ten consecutive Soviet Olympiad teams from 1958 to 1978, winning nine team gold medals, one team silver medal, and six individual gold medals. His overall performance in Olympiad play was +78 =50 −1, the only loss being to Robert Huebner. He also played for the Soviet team in every European Team Championship from 1957 to 1983, winning eight team gold medals, and four board gold medals.

Classical Tournaments: Soon after becoming champion, he shared first place with Paul Keres in the first Piatagorsky Cup in Los Angeles in 1963. He won the tournaments at Biel and Lone Pine in 1976, the Keres Memorial in 1979, and took second place in Tilburg in 1981, half a point behind the winner Alexander Beliavsky. He was ranked among the top 20 players in the world until he died in 1984.

"Chess is a game by its form, an art by its content and a science by the difficulty of gaining mastery in it. Chess can convey as much happiness as a good book or work of music can. However, it is necessary to learn to play well and only afterwards will one experience real delight." - Tigran Petrosian

Playing Style

Tigran Petrosian's playing style was characterized by several key traits: Prophylaxis and Defense: Petrosian was known for his exceptional defensive skills and his focus on prophylaxis—preventing his opponent's threats before they materialized. He excelled at anticipating danger and taking precautionary measures to neutralize his opponent's plans.

Strategic Depth and Understanding: He possessed a deep understanding of chess strategy and positional play. He was skilled at maneuvering his pieces, creating subtle imbalances, and gradually improving his position.

Tactical Skill and Combinative Vision: While primarily known for his defensive prowess, Petrosian was also a skilled tactician and possessed strong combinative vision. He was capable of launching sharp attacks and delivering unexpected tactical blows when the opportunity arose.

Patience and Objectivity: He was known for his patience and objectivity. He was willing to wait for the right moment to strike and avoided unnecessary risks. He was also self-critical and able to assess his own strengths and weaknesses objectively.

Psychological Resilience: Petrosian's strong nerves and ability to handle pressure made him a formidable opponent in long, intense matches. Only later, against Fischer (1971) and Korchnoi (1973) did he appear to have issues with match nerves.

References: (1) http://www.ac-iccd.org/ (Petrosian often required a hearing aid during his tournaments), (2) Wikipedia article: Tigran Petrosian

Last updated: 2024-12-03 21:46:42

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 86; games 1-25 of 2,136  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Petrosian vs Kopelevic 1-0241942TbilisiC97 Ruy Lopez, Closed, Chigorin
2. Petrosian vs Flohr 1-0451942SimulA52 Budapest Gambit
3. Mirzayev vs Petrosian  0-1601944Georgian ChampionshipB50 Sicilian
4. G Gamrekeli vs Petrosian 0-1351944Georgian ChampionshipB12 Caro-Kann Defense
5. Petrosian vs V Mikenas 0-1411944Georgian ChampionshipB05 Alekhine's Defense, Modern
6. Petrosian vs N Sorokin 1-0231944Georgian ChampionshipD33 Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch
7. Petrosian vs A Blagidze  0-1401944Georgian ChampionshipE64 King's Indian, Fianchetto, Yugoslav System
8. Petrosian vs V Tsintsadze 0-1221944Georgian ChampionshipB83 Sicilian
9. Petrosian vs Nersesov 1-0161944Georgian ChampionshipC42 Petrov Defense
10. V Sereda vs Petrosian  ½-½431944Georgian ChampionshipD18 Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, Dutch
11. Agamalian vs Petrosian  0-1561944Georgian ChampionshipA45 Queen's Pawn Game
12. Petrosian vs G Kasparian  0-1501944Georgian ChampionshipE61 King's Indian
13. V Malashkhia vs Petrosian 1-0191944Georgian ChampionshipB74 Sicilian, Dragon, Classical
14. G Bakhtadze vs Petrosian 0-1271944Georgian ChampionshipA28 English
15. Petrosian vs A Smorodsky ½-½401944Georgian ChampionshipA28 English
16. Petrosian vs Grigoriev 1-0131945TbilisiB29 Sicilian, Nimzovich-Rubinstein
17. Petrosian vs Zeinalli 1-0201945LeningradA33 English, Symmetrical
18. Lolua vs Petrosian ½-½361945TbilisiC34 King's Gambit Accepted
19. Petrosian vs A Reshko 1-0391945LeningradC07 French, Tarrasch
20. Petrosian vs V Korolkov 1-0181945LeningradE10 Queen's Pawn Game
21. Petrosian vs Chachua 1-0361945Training TournamentD05 Queen's Pawn Game
22. V Sereda vs Petrosian 0-1571945Georgian ChampionshipA49 King's Indian, Fianchetto without c4
23. Grigoriev vs Petrosian 0-1261945TbilisiB00 Uncommon King's Pawn Opening
24. Petrosian vs Y Rudakov 1-0321945LeningradD10 Queen's Gambit Declined Slav
25. Petrosian vs Kelendzheridze 1-0191945Training TournamentC17 French, Winawer, Advance
 page 1 of 86; games 1-25 of 2,136  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Petrosian wins | Petrosian loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 27 OF 92 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jun-18-06  RookFile: whatthefat: The fact remains that you cited Fischer's 3 year peak as 1970 to 1972, when Sonas cited it as 1971 to 1973. It's his rating system we're talking about.

Let's look at this quote:

<The reason Fischer's overall 3 year peak includes an inactive year, is simply because he had no other sustained periods of brilliance in his career, unlike most of the other greats. And that's nobody's fault but Fischer's.>

This brings up another point which I've made, but not as forcefully and directly.

There is a difference between a player travelled on unlimited money, sponsored by the USSR, and a player who was poor (and that was what Fischer was before 1972) who only has the resources to compete directly for the world championship itself, plus occasional overseas tournaments.

In fact, going back to your earlier list, this is a criticism of punishing some of the great champions of the past for not travelling to so many tournaments. They are being punished for the fact that

a) not so many of these tournaments even existed as they do today

b) for players such as Lasker - travelling to these tournaments could take a significant amount of time and expense which they sometimes couldn't afford

c) some players felt it best to simply concentrate on the road to the championship itself.

Petrosian certainly fits into this category, on his way up and even when defending the world championship.

Jun-18-06  RookFile: All this being said, let's devise another rating system of our own, as an alternative to Sonas's. It involves the following common sense principles:

1) Every rated game of chess played under professional tournament conditions should be 'weighted' the same as any other. (This is not to say that due to differences in ratings, some wins may not be more helpful to a player than others).

2) Only the games played matter - there is no mystical 'padding' factor. More games in and of itself is not better.

3) The player should have played at least a minimal number of games. We don't take a guy who won 1 game and didn't play against for 5 years and call him the greatest ever.

Any such system will find that in fact Fischer's run from 1970 to 1972 was the best there was.

Jun-18-06  RookFile: To clarify: Petrosian certainly fits into category (c) above: a player quite reasonably focused in his prime on competing for the world championship itself, and ignoring anciallary tournaments.
Jun-18-06  RookFile: In looking at the year 1973, whether we're talking 41 games or 44 (I'm not sure where the other 3 games are coming from) - throwing in 7 non-existant draws dilutes the result by 16 or 17 percent.

44 games is an awful lot, really. It's not some aberattion - Fischer is playing the very best players availble, taking the quickest yet toughest road to the world championship.

Why is there a need to dilute 44 games
with 7 non-existant draws?

Answer: To give sombody else a higher place in the standings, that's why.

Jun-18-06  whatthefat: <RookFile>
So basically you're just going to focus on his 3 year peak not being good enough, on account of him never playing well enough for 3 years in a row. The fact that his rating during all periods of activity is perfectly accurate will now be conveniently ignored... nice. I'd almost credit Fischer himself with the argument.
Jun-18-06  RookFile: I'm not sure what your're referring to whatthefat. I'm not here for example to say that Fischer should be rated the highest in 1985 or something when he's not even playing. By the way, I'm not sure what Fischer has to apologize for from the year 1970:

Match vs Petrosian: Fischer wins 3 to 1

Rovinj/Zabreb tournament Fischer 1st place +10 -1 =6
Buenos Aires Fischer 1st place +13 -0 =4

Siegen Olympiad Fischer +8 -1 = 4

Palma Interzonal: Fischer 1st place +15 -1 =7

(Not included is Fischer winning Herceg Novi with +17 -1 =4)

Jun-18-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  Benzol: <keypusher> Many thanks. I wonder how other players would be regarded if they had stopped playing after triumphant moments in their careers. Would they be thought to be invincible?

For example :

Lasker after St. Petersburg 1914

Capablanca after London 1922 or

Alyekhin after Bled 1931.

Jun-18-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: <Benzol> <I wonder how other players would be regarded if they had stopped playing after triumphant moments in their careers. Would they be thought to be invincible?

For example :

Lasker after St. Petersburg 1914

Capablanca after London 1922 or

Alyekhin after Bled 1931.>

Yes, or just think if Morphy had quit chess in 1859. We'd still be hearing about how he would have wiped the floor with Steinitz. Oh wait...

Jun-18-06  ughaibu: Another RookFile argument bites the dust. Another Fischer legend crumbles with it. Fischer fans again expose themselves as unreasonable, biased and incapable of logical thought.

Expected consequence: Fischer fans are so out of it that they'll be the only people not to have noticed or understood what has just transpired on this page. Fischer @#$%*&!# will continue to pollute chess's legends and general pyschosphere.

Suggested solution: Cancel the "war" in Iraq. Attack Iceland and forcibly detain Fischer, force him to play down the present Elo list until he reaches a level where he can avoid being trounced. Publish the fact by notices in 72 languages nailed to every tree in the US. Mandatory 10 years hard for anyone who persists with legends after that.

Jun-18-06  nikolajewitsch: <RookFile> Sure, you can develop your own rating system (although it is a lot of work, ask Mr.Sonas) following the guidelines you mentioned but: You will have to decide whether your system shall predict future results of players with best-possible precisison (as the one by Mr.Sonas). If yes, you will have to evaluate your formulas and adjust them to produce better predictions and then it will show that a little padding or a different way of taking the number of games into account serves quite well. If not, fine too, but then your rating system will always be somewhat arbitrary and its quality can not be compared to others.
Jun-18-06  RookFile: I see that nikolajewitsch is a rational person who makes good points.

Elo, the guy who really invented these rating systems, was able to predict future results. For example, Elo called the result of Spassky vs. Fischer correctly, before the match was played.

I see the problem with rating systems as one of combatting rating inflation. As mentioned before, in large part, the players of the past get punished because rating systems such as Sonas's start with the assumption that all players are on a level playing field - therefore more games is 'better' and should be 'rewarded'.

These systems do not consider that in the past:

a) not so many of these tournaments even existed as they do today

b) for players such as Lasker - travelling to these tournaments could take a significant amount of time and expense which they sometimes couldn't afford

c) some players felt it best to simply concentrate on the road to the championship itself, given the small resources they had.

Jun-18-06  ughaibu: Back! Like a zombie from the tomb.
Jun-18-06  Karpova: Gypsy: <In a typical Burn game, he survives opening with a worse but playable position. Then he defends throughout the middlegame and strikes back with one or two sorties. His pieces return just in time to cover the danger brewing around his king. This brings on a tour-de-force transition into an endgame -- and the transition itself is the finest aspect of Burn's play. Burn's play in the endgame is of a very high standard, but so often there is simply nothing much left to do, but give oponent enough time to examine the position and realise that it can be safely resigned. And if there is something left to do, Burn is usually up to the task.>

This approach to the game could go terribly wrong when facing the best of the best:

Burn vs Rubinstein, 1912

Capablanca vs Burn, 1911

Jun-18-06  euripides: If I read Sonas' results right, he didn't 'choose', as <rookfile> says, to leave out 1970; he compares all 3-year (Jan-Dec) average player ratings, and Fischer's average rating for 1970-2 simply wasn't as high. That's not surprising, since these are not performance ratings for the period, but player ratings based on the previous 4 years' performance; so a rating in January 1970 is based on games from 1966-69.

To judge whether (to quote rook) <Fischer's run from 1970 to 1972 was the best there was>, you would need to calculate performance ratings for three -year intervals. That might be interesting; but it's not the question Sonas is asking.

Sonas is asking roughly this: who, - on average, over a 3-year period, and based on the statistical information at the date of the game, was the strongest player ? - i.e. the player likely to score highest against his strongest contemporaries ?

You can argue the merits of padding either way. <what the fat>'s numbers suggest that <rook>'s nasty insinuations about Sonas' motives - <To give sombody else a higher place in the standings, that's why> - are out of place. (Strictly, however, one should be looking at the number of games played in the 4-year window before the date of the rating). If Sonas found that the quality of his results (probably judged by the likelihood of the results based on the model) was improved by the padding, then it makes sense to do it.

Jun-18-06  Inf: this is a petrosian page... petrosian not fischer!!!
Jun-18-06  RookFile: Inf is right - this is about Petrosian, and has gotten a little off track. To speak briefly of Fischer - from 1966 to 1969, Fischer rolled up a record of something like +74 -6 =28. There is nothing here for him to apologize for.

I was looking at Petrosian, and there is something interesting. At one time, Zukertort used to be more highly rated than Petrosian, which can't be right because all Zukertort did was lose when it mattered. But in the latest revision by Sonas, Petrosian emerges ahead. I was encouraged to see this.

What still remains are issues like Maroczy being rated higher than Petrosian, despite the fact that none of the tournaments Maroczy were as stacked as any of the 4 USSR championships Petrosian won. (To say nothing of the World Championship itself for which Petrosian won two matches).

If you want to talk about 'weight's:
how's this for a common sense system:

4) Wins in world championsip play should be rewarded more than any other type of win.

Jun-18-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: <nikolajewitsch> Rookfile develop his own ratings system? He'd have a better chance of developing his own cold-fusion reactor.
Jun-18-06  RookFile: <keypusher: Rookfile develop his own ratings system? He'd have a better chance of developing his own cold-fusion reactor.>

When you have weak arguments, ad homonien attacks work well.

Jun-18-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  chancho: A very happy Father's day to all the Dads out there.
Jun-18-06  Karpova: well, cold-fusion reactors actually exist. it's just that they need more stream than they provide us with. but this could be another analogy...
Jun-18-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  Gypsy: <Karpova: ... This approach to the game could go terribly wrong when facing the best of the best... > Absolutely. It is a difficult style to play in, not for the faint hearted. I am amased that Burn was able to pull it off as often as he did and for as long as he did. (eg, Burn vs Alekhine, 1911)

Comes to think of it, here is what Nimzovich has to say on the topic: <The number of great defenders is small. Author knows only the following names: Steinitz, Dr. Emanuel Lasker, Amos Burn, Dr. O.S. Bernstein, Duras, and not last Louis Paulsen ...> 'Praxis' (1928).

Thanks for the Rubinstein game, btw, it is a magnificant endgame from Rubi. Breslau 1912 was Burn's last big tournament; he was 63 while the co-winners Rubinstein and Duras were both 29. After Breslau, Burn retired to writing. With a lifetime negative score against Lasker, Capablanca, Rubinstein or Duras; but also a lifetime positive score against Steinitz, Alekhine, Blackburne or Pillsbury -- Burn acounted for himself honorably.

Jun-18-06  whatthefat: <RookFile et al.>
Just to put a nail in the coffin, I'd like to directly show you that the padding in no way disadvantages Fischer. Fischer's highest rating is 2895, in October, 1971. Linearly weighting the games of the last 4 years, this is derived (along with the padding games) from 74.7 weighted rated games, against a weighted average opponent of 2647.

Meanwhile, Kasparov's highest rating is 2886, in March, 1993. This is derived (along with the padding games) from 94.4 weighted rated games, against a weighted average opponent of 2722.

What I did now, is I took Sonas' formulae, and recalculated the ratings as they would be <WITHOUT padding>.

That is, the padded formula:
Rating = 43+[(PR*n)+(AR*4)+(2300*3)]/(n+7), is replaced by Rating=PR.

Calculating this, we yield:

<Fischer>
Padded rating: 2895
Unpadded rating: 2885

<Kasparov>
Padded rating: 2886
Unpadded rating: 2864

That's right, when padding is taken away, Kasparov's highest rating drops by 22; Fischer's by only 10. I believe the correct term is "0wned".

Jun-19-06  whatthefat: Sorry, I'll have to admit that I have that backwards - padding <adds> 22 to Kasparov, and <adds> 10 to Fischer. Forget the "0wned"! In any case, it's a difference of a measly <12 points>!! As I've been telling you from the beginning, the effect is negligible once enough games are played.

To quote Sonas directly:
"Before I go any further I just want to emphasize a very important point here. This system rewards players who play a lot of games. That's because there are always 7 "fake" games that provide the padding. If you play a lot of games, the 7 games don't have much effect on your rating. If you only play a few games, they can play a dominant role in your rating, as they should!"

Both Fischer, and Kasparov (as well as basically any top active player), played enough games for the padding to become near irrelevant.

<RookFile>, I hope that you'll finally acknowledge that you were wrong on this point.

Jun-19-06  RookFile: I must be tired, whatthefat. Give some more detail about the calculation of the number 74.7 and 94.4.

By the way, did you know that according to the USCF rating system, Fischer actually LOST a point as a result of his 6.5 - 2.5 win over Petrosian? His rating dipped drom 2825 USCF to 2824 USCF. Yes, I know it's a different rating system. The point is, I was a little surpised to hear the peak being listed as after the Petrosian match rather than after the Larsen match.

Jun-19-06  bobo7up: To add to whatthefat's comments, calculating Fisher's performance rating for his match with Larsen by Sonas' formula gives the answer 2885 and not 2750 as Rookfile believes
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