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Benoni Defense (A56)
1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5

Number of games in database: 5867
Years covered: 1895 to 2025
Overall record:
   White wins 38.5%
   Black wins 31.4%
   Draws 30.2%

Popularity graph, by decade

Explore this opening  |  Search for sacrifices in this opening.
PRACTITIONERS
With the White Pieces With the Black Pieces
Svetozar Gligoric  33 games
Ivan Farago  32 games
Rainer Knaak  19 games
Dragoljub Velimirovic  70 games
Zbigniew Doda  44 games
Julio Eduardo Ostos  43 games
NOTABLE GAMES [what is this?]
White Wins Black Wins
Petrosian vs Pilnik, 1956
Spassky vs T Ghitescu, 1967
I Nei vs Petrosian, 1960
Timman vs Tal, 1973
Taimanov vs Bronstein, 1953
H Bohm vs Tal, 1975
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 page 1 of 235; games 1-25 of 5,867 
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. W Rutherford / A Rutherford vs Lasker 1-0341895Consultation simul, 2bA56 Benoni Defense
2. Burn vs Blackburne ½-½481898ViennaA56 Benoni Defense
3. W Gibson vs Blackburne  0-1331910British Championship, OxfordA56 Benoni Defense
4. M Lowcki vs Duras 1-0271912Bad PistyanA56 Benoni Defense
5. L Gans vs Blackburne  1-0591914Netherlands - EnglandA56 Benoni Defense
6. A Becker vs Gruenfeld 1-0421922Grünfeld - BeckerA56 Benoni Defense
7. Alekhine vs D Mugridge 1-0211924Simul, 44bA56 Benoni Defense
8. Capablanca vs Marshall 1-0461928BerlinA56 Benoni Defense
9. H Steiner vs Kupchik  ½-½411929Manhattan Chess Club-chA56 Benoni Defense
10. E Klein vs L Reich 1-0651930GyorA56 Benoni Defense
11. V Filipovic vs J Nikolic  0-1271933Aleksandar Levin MemorialA56 Benoni Defense
12. G Thomas vs Menchik 1-0461935Hastings 1934/35A56 Benoni Defense
13. F Bohatirchuk vs Menchik ½-½311935MoscowA56 Benoni Defense
14. Lilienthal vs N Riumin ½-½321936MoscowA56 Benoni Defense
15. Fine vs Stahlberg 1-0281937Fine - StahlbergA56 Benoni Defense
16. Keres vs Hromadka 1-0361937PragueA56 Benoni Defense
17. C Roodzant vs Menchik  0-1321937World Championship (Women)A56 Benoni Defense
18. Gilg vs Hromadka  1-0471938Praag Kautsky MemorialA56 Benoni Defense
19. G Bastrikov vs Panov  1-0531938Trade Unions ChampionshipA56 Benoni Defense
20. G Podolny vs Panov  0-134193919th Ch MoscowA56 Benoni Defense
21. Keres vs Panov  ½-½201939Leningrad / Moscow trainingA56 Benoni Defense
22. R Grau vs M Czerniak  ½-½411939Buenos AiresA56 Benoni Defense
23. Petrov vs Panov  ½-½321940USSR ChampionshipA56 Benoni Defense
24. Stahlberg vs P Michel  1-0471941Buenos Aires CirculoA56 Benoni Defense
25. R Keller vs Hromadka  ½-½511942ChocenA56 Benoni Defense
 page 1 of 235; games 1-25 of 5,867 
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2)  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 1 OF 5 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jan-10-03
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sneaky: Aaron Reinganum, a chess-player about whom we know nothing else, analyzed this opening at the beginning of the 19th century as an escape from his melancholia. In 1825 he published a book on the opening, christening it with the Hebrew name Ben-Oni, "son of my tears." The chess world adopted this name, although incorrectly spelling it "Benoni."

--Otto Borik

Dec-10-03  SilentWitness: The Modern Benoni is a sharp counterattacking line which was favoured by many players in the 1960s & 70s. However, the line 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 c5 4. d5 exd5 5. cxd5 d6 6. e4 g6 7. f4 Bg7 8. Bb5+ (as played by Kasparov) - see

Kasparov vs Nunn, 1982

has put many black players off the opening altogether.

Does anyone know of a refutation of the 8. Bb5+ line?

Dec-10-03  refutor: there is no refutation...go to Benoni, Taimanov Variation (A67) for more conversation about the line...apparently some people think that ...Nbd7 can be played, but i think white has better chances in all the lines. normally after 3.Nc3 benoni players play the Nimzo or QGD, only playing ...c5 after white has played Nf3 stopping the taimanov line
Dec-27-03  SilentWitness: I would guess that it was Tal's games (many of which are covered in the database) influenced the sharp surge in popularity of the Benoni in the 1960's (see popularity graph).
Dec-27-03  Pawnographer: GMs usually employ the Benoni Defense once White has already committed to Nf3. Initiating c5 without White's Nf3 has already proven to be dangerous. The lines with White's Nf3 prove more tenable. One of my favorite proponents of this version is US GM Nick De Firmian. Just look up his games.
Feb-11-04  drukenknight: In the Benoni, almost every time I meet a good player w/ this, he pawn rushes me, and I either try to get my B to g4 or push more pawns w/ a poor game. However, 6....Ng4 appears to be a novelty in the data base. What do you think of it:

1. d4 Nf6
2. c4 c5
3. d5 g6
4. Nc3 Bg7
5. e4 d6
6. f4 Ng4?!

Feb-11-04  drukenknight: Refutor can you explain what you mean about only playing c5 after Nf3. What Taimanov line are you speaking of?
Feb-11-04  BiLL RobeRTiE: Benoni, Taimanov Variation (A67) - Taimanov Line Many people play ...c5 only after Nf3 (i.e. 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5) to avoid the lines with f4, which give White a large advantage.
Feb-11-04  drukenknight: okay I see the line you are referring to. But in the A67 version, black does play c5 prior to Nf3.
Mar-15-04  morphyvsfischer: This is the main move order to get in the Benoni: 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e6 3 Nf3 c5 (as a side note, White generally doesn't advance the pawn with the Catalan, preffering to pressure the long diagonal with his Bishop). Many KID players wind up with this after the Four Pawns Attack or even the Averbakh, though White seems to play exd5 there. I would love to see the Taimanov variation get neutralized so I wouldn't have to do the ...e6 move order, since pretty much everyone plays 3 Nc3 now. The Four Pawns Attack isn't very common, so don't count on the KID always getting you to the Benoni.
Jul-07-04  MatrixManNe0: Wow, not much commenting on the Modern Benoni...

Anyway, I've seen 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 3. dxc5, and I want to know the weaknesses behind this move and possible exploitations. Unfortunately, I'm not a member and I cannot explore this opening in the explorer, as seeing the 3... e6 move doesn't help me unless I understand the background.

Not too long ago, I've decided to play the Modern Benoni/Benko Gambit against 1. d4, so I bought a book on it, unfortunately, it only covers aspects of the Benko Gambit after white advances the d-pawn (3. d5).

Please help!

Aug-20-04  ruylopez900: <MatrixMan> From what I've seen and understood dxc5 is met with ...e6 and eventually falls since White can't hold onto the pawn (much like Black in the QGA)
Aug-21-04  OneArmedScissor: The Benoni is similiar to the Grunfeld Defense in that it is a counter attacking opening. I know the in Grunfeld, you're always suppose to castle before playing ...c5

Is there any move you're absolutely suppose to make before playing other moves in the Benoni?

Sep-03-04  crankydoodle: <OneArmedScissor> You want to try to get a pawn on ...b5 in the middlegame. The Benko Gambit passes this opprotunity by (I'm not saying that the Benko Gambit is bad or anything). Generally, this requires a fair bit of luck if you're opposing an experienced player, but if you succeed, it effectively undermines whites control of the center, and allows you to put a knight outpost over the frontier line. You definitally want to fianchetto the kingside bishop & castle, since white's pawns occupying the white square seriously demote the effectiveness of White's kingside bishop. White's queenside bishop will become extreamely annoying, and will be looking for a way to exchange dark-square bishops.

...whew, I need a break... my fingers hurt from all of that writing.

Oct-04-04  tacticsjokerxxx: hello I've made a collection of Tal's best games employing the benoni, please tell me if I missed any gems!
Oct-04-04  tacticsjokerxxx: <MatrixManNe0>

after 3.dxc5 (or 2.dxc5) black should <not> play e6 in my opinion, because:

1. if white knows what he's doing, black is forced to exchange his king's bishop for a knight! (losing the bishop pair).

2. e6 just doesn't fit in with the theme as well as g6, keep the bishop on the long diagonal.

Thus in conclusion, after 2.dxc5 or 3.dxc5

..play Na6!

this move also has the advantage of after -Nf6 and Nc5 you've got two knight's aiming at white's king. fritz opening library actually recommends f3 to avoid a knight invasion... kindof surprising.

Jan-04-05  lronTigran: The Benoni is a sound counter-attacking opening, provided, in my and many other's opinion, the move order 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3/g3 c5 is employed. Its soundness was demostrated when Kramnik used it play for a win against Leko in thier world championship match (using the beforementioned move order). Yes, if one uses the odd move order then it forces him/her to learn the nimzo or the Queen's Gambit (otherwise there's no reason to use it), but the Nimzo is a very good opening, one of black's best scoring openings. Also, it will take you just as long to learn the Nimzo that it does to learn the Taimanov and the lines that white delays or doesn't play Nf3 (believe me!). There are essentially four things to know about the move order:

1. By using it one avoids the f4 variations, probably the most dangerous and the variations with Bd3 Nge2 and f3 which are very annoying (it may remind you of the Samisch variation of the KID, but it's more like the Fainchetto variation because of its annoying solidity).

2. You may take your opponent out of the book because he may not want to play against the Nimzo (who does?!) and plays the Taimanov or the lines involving a delay or lack of a knight on Nf3.

3. If one uses this move-order, then he/she will have to play: 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 c5 4. d5 d6! and then only 5. ... exd5 because if the immediate 4. ... exd5 5. cxd5 d6 then white can play 6. e4! with better prospects as the e-pawn cannot be taken (Qa4+).

4. If white ever plays dxe6 then he loses his control of the center and an eventual ... d5 will allow black to gain an advantage.

Also, about dxc5, I always play Bxc5, but I think Na6 is reasonable enough, but I don't think that you should play g6 in that variation, rather something like e6, b6, Bb7, d6, 0-0, a6 when you may just end up in a supior Hedgehog. What did you mean, tacticsjokerxxx, when you said that you'll lose a Bishop for a knight if you play e6 instead of Na6.

Apr-01-05  chess man: The Benoni is one of my top choices when facing d4.
Apr-01-05  jperr75108: i transpose through a Nimzo-Indian to (hopefully) avoid the f4 variations
Aug-16-05  foolishmovesss: If whire takes on c5, after e6 can the pawn be held with b4 or do bad things ensue when trying to hold the extra pawn.
Aug-16-05  russep: Check out the first game in the notable wins section where black wins.
Aug-16-05  foolishmovesss: russep: I looked at the game you suggest. Neat game, but white dosent try to hold the pawn with b4. Thats really what I want to know about. Is it possible to hold the extra pawn or not. if there is a refutation I would like to know. I play bennoni and am just curious about what to play if white attempts to hold the pawn. Although I have to admit its never happened to me, I would just like to be prepaired just incase. Thanks.
Aug-16-05  buRnINGbeNd: <OneArmedScissor> While it is true that the Grunfeld is a counterattacking opening, Bb5+ is a very weak line in all variations of the Grunfeld (classical exchange, modern exchange, exchange with Be3, closed, 4.Bf4 and Bg5 lines if white ever gets his own c pawn out of the way in those last three variations. In the Russian/Classical it is not an issue because black castles before the white queen leaves c4). In fact, a Grunfeld player who knows what he's doing will play Nc6 to block the check not fearing d5 because of a6, b5 and Na5/Ne5 and black already has great counterplay on the queenside. If after Bxc6 instead of d5, black will use the extra c-pawn to hammer at d4 and possibly gain an outpost on that square for a strong knight. d5 a6, Bxc6 now leaves the c6 pawn hitting whites d5 pawn and if white captures, black plays Bxc3 (or Qc7 in the occasion that the pawn has been protected, which it should not have in this case) with an extra exchange coming and good counterplay.

The only somewhat decent time to play Bb5+ is immediately after Bg7 in the exchange Grunfeld (no c5 or 0-0 move played yet). This is due to the fact that every way to block the check hinders blacks play against the white center:

Bd7 Be2! and black's Bd7 blocks the queen's pressure on d4.

Nd7 has the same effect, however white needs not retreat the bishop.

Nc6 blocks the c pawn from going to c5.

c6 makes black play c5 in two moves. However, black will usually search for other counterplay with the moves 0-0, a5, or b5 (I said or because each move is a separate variation and has its own flavor).

I apologize if this was confusing; the Grunfeld can be tricky to grasp at first, but once you play it things begin to come easily. I'll be glad to answer any questions anyone may have as well.

Aug-16-05  foolishmovesss: Err this is the Bennoni page. Not sure what the Grunfeld has to do with it since in grunfeld queen pawn is on d5, in Bennoni its on d6. Did you mean to post this else where? My apolpogies if I am missing something.
Aug-17-05  foolishmovesss: Can any of you Bennoni fans help me out with the question I posted about holding the pawn with b4 please.
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