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Emanuel Lasker vs Wilhelm Steinitz
Lasker - Steinitz World Championship Rematch (1896), Moscow RUE, rd 14, Dec-29
Spanish Game: Exchange. Keres Variation (C68)  ·  1-0

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White to move.
ANALYSIS [x]
Notes by Stockfish 9 v010218 (minimum 6s/ply)8.O-O was played in Kupchik vs C Jaffe, 1915 (1-0) 9.O-O-O Be6 10.Qd2 O-O 11.h4 Bb4 12.Qe1 Qc8 13.a3 Bd6 = +0.48 (17 ply)better is 9...Be6 10.f4 O-O 11.O-O Qe8 12.f5 Bf7 13.Bf4 Bxf4 = -0.37 (26 ply)= +0.25 (27 ply) after 10.Qa4+ Bd7 11.Qa3 b6 12.Nc4 Be6 13.Nxd6+ Qxd6 14.O-O better is 10...Be6 11.Nc4 Bxc4 12.Qxc4 b5 13.Qe2 O-O 14.O-O-O Qe8 = +0.07 (26 ply) 11.a4 b4 12.Ne2 Be6 13.Nc4 Nc6 14.O-O-O Be7 15.Qb3 Qc8 ⩲ +0.60 (26 ply) 11...O-O 12.f4 Qe8 13.Qf2 c4 14.O-O Bb7 15.Bc5 Rd8 = -0.45 (25 ply) ⩲ +0.59 (26 ply) 12...Kf8 13.a4 Bd7 14.f4 Qe8 15.Qe2 Kg8 16.O-O h6 17.b3 = +0.10 (27 ply) 13.Qf3 Be5 14.O-O-O Bd7 15.Bc5 O-O 16.Qe3 Rf7 17.h4 Qe8 ⩲ +1.21 (26 ply)better is 13...Be6 14.Nf3 Qd7 15.Qg7 Rf8 16.e5 Rf7 17.Qh8+ Rf8 = 0.00 (27 ply)better is 14.a4 Ng8 15.Qh4 h5 16.f4 b4 17.Ne2 Qe7 18.O-O Nh6 19.Bd4 ⩲ +0.67 (23 ply)better is 14...Qe8 15.f5 Qg8 16.a4 gxf5 17.axb5 Qg6 18.Nxc4 Bb4 = +0.17 (25 ply) ⩲ +0.87 (25 ply) 15...Kg7 16.O-O Qf7 17.g4 b4 18.Ne2 h6 19.b3 cxb3 20.axb3 ⩲ +0.70 (23 ply) 16.f5 Ne5 17.Nd5 c6 18.Nxf6 Be7 19.O-O Bxf6 20.fxg6+ Ke6 ± +1.92 (23 ply) 16...Nb4 17.Qxf6+ Kg8 18.Qxf8+ Kxf8 19.Nxb4 Bxb4 20.c3 ⩲ +1.15 (27 ply) 17.O-O-O Ne7 18.Qf6+ Kg8 19.Nxe7+ Qxe7 20.Qxe7 Bxe7 ± +2.14 (26 ply) ⩲ +1.00 (25 ply) 18.O-O-O Nb4 19.Qh4 Nxd5 20.exd5 Be7 21.Qe1 Bf6 22.Nf3 ⩲ +0.95 (26 ply) 18...Kxf8 19.a4 Bb7 20.Kf2 Nb4 21.Nxb4 Bxb4 22.c3 Be7 = +0.17 (29 ply) ⩲ +1.38 (26 ply) 24...b4 25.h5 gxh5 26.Nf6 Be7 27.Rxh5 Be6 28.Nh4 Bxf6 ± +1.59 (26 ply) 25.Nf6 Bxf6 26.exf6 Re8 27.Rd6 Rxe3 28.Rxc6 Bb7 29.Rb6 +- +3.72 (29 ply) ± +1.52 (24 ply) 27.a4 b3 28.c3 Rc8 29.Kb1 Na5 30.Ba3 Nc6 31.Rd2 Bc7 ± +1.71 (29 ply) ⩲ +0.54 (29 ply)better is 29...g5 30.hxg5 hxg5 31.fxg5 Bxg5 32.Nxg5+ Rxg5 33.Rf1 ⩲ +0.59 (27 ply)better is 30.a4 bxa3 31.Bxa3 a4 32.Rd6 Be7 33.Rxc6 Bxa3+ 34.Kb1 ⩲ +1.27 (27 ply) ⩲ +0.69 (25 ply)better is 31.Kd1 axb3 32.axb3 g5 33.hxg5 hxg5 34.g3 Ra5 35.Ke2 Ra2 ⩲ +0.66 (26 ply)= +0.10 (30 ply) 34...g5 35.Bxb4 Bg3 36.fxg5 Rxe5 37.Bd6 Rxe3 38.Rxe3 Bf2 = +0.10 (31 ply) ⩲ +1.27 (27 ply)better is 35...Rgb8 36.Bxb8 Rxb8 37.g3 Rb5 38.Rd1 Rb8 39.Rh2 Ra8 ⩲ +1.16 (29 ply) ± +1.83 (28 ply) 39...Rc5 40.Nd4 Rg4 41.Rxg4 fxg4 42.b4 Rc4 43.Rf2+ Ke7 ± +1.98 (28 ply)+- +2.85 (29 ply) 40...Rc5 41.Nd8+ Ke7 42.Nxe6 Kxe6 43.Rd6+ Ke7 44.Rxh6 ± +2.32 (30 ply)better is 41.Rd6 Rg6 42.b4 Rg4 43.Nd4 Rxb4 44.Nxe6 Rh4 45.Nc7 Rh1+ +- +4.58 (27 ply)+- +2.94 (31 ply) 42.Nc6+ Kf8 43.Rd8+ Kg7 44.Nd4 Rb6 45.Kc2 Kf7 46.Kxc3 +- +3.17 (30 ply) ⩲ +0.97 (32 ply) 44.Rd3 Ke6 45.Rd6+ Ke7 46.Rc6 Re4 47.Rxe4 fxe4 48.Rxc3 ⩲ +1.15 (31 ply)= +0.25 (32 ply) 48...Re2 49.R6xf5 Kd4 50.a4 Re1+ 51.Kc2 R1e2+ 52.Rxe2 = 0.00 (48 ply) ⩲ +0.82 (33 ply) 57...Rg5 58.Kc2 Kc5 59.b4+ Kxb4 60.Kd3 Kc5 61.Rc2+ Kd5 = 0.00 (63 ply) ⩲ +0.77 (51 ply) 65...Rd8 66.Re3 Rg8 67.b5+ Kb6 68.Rf3 Rg5 69.Kd4 Kxb5 = 0.00 (56 ply) ± +2.30 (45 ply) 67...Rc5 68.Rb4 Rc2 69.Ke5 Rg2 70.Kf4 Rf2+ 71.Kg5 Rg2 ± +1.54 (45 ply)+- +5.20 (34 ply)+- mate-in-23 after 78.Re8 Ra6+ 79.Kf7 Ra5 80.g7 Rf5+ 81.Ke6 Re5+; 78...Ra5 79.g7 Rf5+ 80.Kg6 Rg5+ 81.Kh7 Rh5+ 82.Kg8 Rd5 +- mate-in-221-0

rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/8/8/PPPPPPPP/RNBQKBNR w KQkq - 0 1
FEN COPIED

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Kibitzer's Corner
Jun-15-05  Knight13: Good endgame play by White. He keeps the rook to support the pawns to go up the board with the King. These endgames are studiable! (Is studiable a word?) Good game.
Jun-15-05  arielbekarov: <Knight13> You are right that this game is excellent for studying the endgame. The games that I know of between these two giants in their fighting about the WorldChampion title are very educative for all parts of the game. These games are like a testimony for us to benefit from.

I couldn't find 'studyable' in my dictionnary, but let's make a word of it. What about the spelling 'studyable'?
You agree?

Nevertheless, thank you for focusing on this great game and good luck to you in your own chess-career!
Ariel

Jun-15-05  Knight13: <arielbekarov> I think studiable is better. But studyable is okay, too. And thanks for your comments. :)
Oct-20-07
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: Here is the position after 55. Rd2 as given in Fine's Basic Chess Endings, diagram 362, p. 355:


click for larger view

The simplest draw, according to Fine, was 55....Re3 (55....Rxd2+? loses immediately) 56. Rd4+ Kc5 57. Rd3 Re2+ 58. Rd2 Re3 59. Rf2 f4! 60. Kb2 Rg3 61. Ka3 Kb5 62. Kb2 Kc5! 63. Kd1 Rxb3 64. Rxf4 Rg3 65. Rf2 Kc5 66. Ke1 Kd6 67. Kf1 Ke7=.

55....Re4 56. Rf2 Rg4 57. Kb2 f4! 58. Kc2 Kc5! 59. Kd3 Rg3+ 60. Ke4 Rxb3 61. Kxf4 Kd6 62. Re2 Rb8 was also good enough to draw, but Steinitz's 57....Re4? was not: 58. g3! Re5 59. Rf4+ Kb5 60. Ka3 Rd5 61. Rf3 Ka5 62. b4+ Kb5 63. Kb3 Kc5 64. Kc4 Kc6 65. Rb3! Re5 66. b5+ Kb6 67. Kd4 Re4+ 68. Kd5 Re8 69. Kd6 Re1 70. Rf3 Kxb5 71. Rxf5+ Kc4 72. g4 and White won.

Jan-05-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  Chessical: Steinitz having won the previous two games perhaps saw this as his last chance in the match. He was prepared to play sharply and take his chances, hence the <11...c4> accepting the inherent weakening of his K-side, instead of castling but reducing the tension in the position.

Lasker develops an initiative, but this suprisingly fades

<41.Rd6+> seems very strong (using the combined threats of Nd8+ and e6+) 41...Rg6 42.b4 (the Rook has too few squares) 42...Rg4 (to stop a4) 43.a3 Bc8 (if 43...Rc4 then 44.Nd8+ wins the Bishop) 44.e6+ wins.

Lasker seems to have have the endgame edge in this match, and in the ensuing endgame, Steinitz appears to have missed several opportunites to draw.

<55...Re3> (R.Fine) seems a cast iron draw - e.g. 56.Rd4+ Kb5 57.Rd5+ Kb4 58.Rd3 Re2+ 59.Rd2 Re3=; but even after this Steinitz is not lost.

<57...Rg5> 58.Rf4+ Kb5 59.Kc3 Rxg2 60.Rxf5+ Kc6=; or;

<57...f4> 58.Kc2 (58.Rd2 Rg3 59.Rd4+ Kb5 60.Rxf4 Rxg2+ 61.Kc3 Rg3+ =) 58...Rh4 59.Kd3 Kxb3 60.Ke4 Rg4 61.Kf3 Rg8 62.Re2 Kc3 63.Re4 Rg3+ 64.Kf2 Rg4 65.Ra4

<63...f4> 64.gxf4 (64.g4 Rd4 65.g5 Rxb4+ 66.Kc2 Rc4+ 67.Kd3 Rc5 68.g6 Rg5 =) 64...Rd4 65.f5 Rxb4+ 66.Kc3 Ra4 67.Kb3 =.

<70...Kxb5?> seems to be the tipping point past which only his opponent making a mistake could save Steinitz. <70...Re4+> would have probably lost eventually but would have been more inconvenient for Lasker.

The end is: <78.Re7> Ra6+ 79. Re6 Ra5 80.g7 Rf5+ 81.Ke7 Rg5 82.Kf7 Kf5 83.Rf6+ Ke4 84.Rg6

Jan-05-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: In my note below I left out 63. Kc2 Kb5 and also got the page number wrong -- it's p. 335.

<Chessical> 41. Rd6 does indeed look winning to me, though I haven't looked at it with an engine.

In your line beginning with 57....f4 you diverge from Fine by capturing the pawn on b3 with the king rather than the rook, which seems counterintuitive. In your line, does 61. Kf5 (rather than 61. Kf3) 61....Rh4 62. Kg5 help White?

62...Rh2 63. Kxf4 Rh8(?) 64. g4 Rf8+(?) 65. Kg3 Rg8 66. Rd2 looks like a book win. But what if 64...Kc3? Then 65. g5 Kd4(?) 66. Rd2+ wins, and so, I think, does 65....Kd3 66. g6 and 65....Rg8 66. Re2.

Jan-05-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: <chessical> 63....f4 is a neat idea. But can White play 64. gxf4 Rd4 65. f5 Rxb4+ 66. Kc2(!) Rc4+ 67. Kd3 Rc8 66. Kd4, when 66....Kc6 loses to 67. Rc3+?

I thought Black might be able to draw by shifting the rook between e5 and d5, but 63....Re5 64. Kc3 Rd5 65. Rf4 Re5 66. Kd4! looks winning.

Jan-05-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: <chessical> 70....Re4 isn't check, unless I have the board set up wrong. Is 71. Rxf5 Rg4 the idea? I think White can win after 72. Rf3 Kxb5 73. Ke5 Kc5 (73....Kc4? 74. Rf4+) 74. Kf5 Rg8 75. g4.
Jan-05-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  Chessical: <Keypusher> thank you very much for your detailed comments.

Firstly, <70..Re4> is only a check due to a typo. I believe that Steinitz is completely lost at this point, and taking the pawn just loses. Actually, it does not really matter. True, Steinitz could use the Rook to harass Lasker, but his only real hope was for a rare nervous error by Lasker, and then perhaps a very lucky draw. Looking again, I have to admit that this would have been very unlikely, the winning technique being rudimentary for Lasker, for example:

<70...Re4> 71.Rxf5 Rg4 72.Rf3 Rb4 (<72...Kxb5> 73.Ke5 Rg8 should be a White win once the White King gets ahead of his passed pawn and uses his Rook to seal the opposing King off along the <f> file) 73.Ke5 Rg4 74.Kf5 Rg8 75.g4 Rf8+ etc...

I believe I am on firmer ground, however, in sytating that <63...f4> holds up as a defence, e.g. <64.gxf4> Rd4 65.f5 Rxb4+ <66.Kc2> (<keypusher>) <Kc5> 67.f6 (<67.Kd3> Rb3+ 68.Ke4 Rxf3 69.Kxf3 Kd6 is a draw) 67...Rb8 68.f7 Rf8 which is a draw

Finally, in the line starting <57...f4> (Rather than 57....Re4 as Steinitz played) the Black Rook is on <h4> and cannot capture on <b3> - (my apologies if I have misunderstood you).

Jan-05-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: <Chessical> You appear to be absolutely right that 63...f4 draws. What a nice defense!

What I said <In your line beginning with 57....f4 you diverge from Fine by capturing the pawn on b3 with the king rather than the rook, which seems counterintuitive> was not clear at all. I was referring to the line in the second paragraph of my original post on this page, which I copied from Basic Chess Endings.

The line begins <55....Re4 56. Rf2 Rg4 57. Kb2 f4! 58. Kc2>


click for larger view

Fine's analysis continues 58....Kc5 59. Kd3 Rg3+ 60. Ke4 Rxb3 61. Kxf4 Kd6 62. Re2 Rb8 with what looks like a book draw (because the black king is only two files away from the pawn).

Your line continues <58...Rh4 59.Kd3 Kxb3 60.Ke4 Rg4 61.Kf3 Rg8 62.Re2 Kc3 63.Re4 Rg3+ 64.Kf2 Rg4 65.Ra4>so you capture the pawn at b3 with your king, while Fine uses the rook. I thought 61. Kf5 might be an improvement for White in your line.

Jan-06-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  Chessical: <Keypusher> I agree that Fine's analysis is the most accurate approach, <55....Re4> 56. Rf2 Rg4 57. Kb2 f4! 58. Kc2 <Kc5> 59. Kd3 Rg3+ 60. Ke4 Rxb3 61. Kxf4 Kd6 62. Re2 Rb8, and as you observe "with what looks like a book draw (because the black king is only two files away from the pawn)".

Yet, from the above line, does a divergence at move 58 with <...Rh4> necessarily lose for Black? I think the position may still be defensible:

<58...Rh4> 59.Kd3 Kxb3 60.Ke4 Rg4 <61.Kf5> (Keypusher) Rg8 62.Kxf4 Rf8+ 63.Kg3 Rg8+ 64.Kh2 Kc4

"A ,<b>/<g> pawn on the second wins if the enemy King is cut off by five files" Euwe and Hooper 'A Guide to Chess Endings',(Dover) p.147. Here we have only 4 files separation.

<65.Rf4+> (<65.g3> Kd5 66.Rf4 Rh8+ 67.Kg2 Ke6 68.Kf3 Rb8 69.g4 Rb3+ =) 65...Kd5 66.g4 Ke6 67.Kg3 Rh8 68.g5 Ke7 69.Kg4 Rf8 70.Ra4 (<70.Rxf8?> Kxf8=) 70...Kf7 71.Ra7+ Kg6 72.Ra6+ Kg7 =

Jan-13-08
Premium Chessgames Member
  keypusher: <Chessical> Looks like you are right again, 61....Rg8 is a draw. Thanks, this has been very educational!
Jun-07-08  whiteshark: <Chessical: <Lasker develops an initiative, but this suprisingly fades <41.Rd6+> seems very strong (using the combined threats of Nd8+ and e6+) 41...Rg6 42.b4 (the Rook has too few squares) 42...Rg4 (to stop a4) 43.a3 Bc8 (if 43...Rc4 then 44.Nd8+ wins the Bishop) 44.e6+ wins. >>

I'm astounded how quick the black position collapses after <41.Rd6!! Rg6 42.b4!>


click for larger view

All white pieces work in harmony together, whereas the black pieces don't.

Aug-08-08  whiteshark: Chessnote # <3847. ‘Lasker’s greatest blunder’> is reporting about 2 different versions of white's 50th move (i.e. 50.Rd8/50.Rd1).


click for larger view

<50.Rd8> is it, of course!

http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/...

Aug-08-08  Boomie: After 55...Re3, if white tries 56. Rf2 Rxb3 57. Rxf5 is a tablebase draw.


click for larger view

However after 56...Rxb3 white wins with 57.Rf4+ Ka3 58.Rxf5


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So black can't take the pawn on b3 yet. He is saved by 56...Rc3+ 57.Kd1 Kxb3 (Rxb3 works, too)


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This means 56.Rf2 doesn't work.

56.Rd4+ goes nowhere as black has Re2+ waiting. As the other rook moves lead down the same path, the position is a draw.

Apr-25-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  woldsmandriffield: A famous ending and a very sad outcome for Steinitz. After a terrible hammering he had won two games in succession (his first of the match) prior to this game.


click for larger view

Should Black defend by cutting the White King off a rank or a file?

Influenced by the presence of the f5 Pawn, Steinitz opted to cut the King off at the 5th rank and it proved a fatal error. Instead, 65..Rd8! held: 66 b5+ Kb6 67 Rd3 Rg8 68 Kd4 Kxb5! 69 Ke5 Kc4! 70 Rf3 Re8+ (!) 71 Kxf5 Rf8+ 72 Kg4 Rg8+ 73 Kh5 Kd5


click for larger view

74 Re3 Rh8+ 75 Kg6 Rg8+ 76 Kf7 Rg4 77 Kf6 Kd4! 78 Kf3 Ke4 =

Oct-26-20  nummerzwei: This is the position after Black's 56...Rg4:


click for larger view

White cannot make progress if Black just keeps his rook on the g-file. In fact, the position is still drawn if you remove Black's pawn.

Oct-24-22  Ninas Husband: The most crucial game of this match. Lasker built up a 7-0 lead, but then Steinitz won games 12 and 13 to narrow it to 7-2. Still not exactly a nail-biter, but Lasker really needed to get off the schneid, and did he ever! Lots of tactical fireworks led to a pawn up endgame, which the champ converted with his usual flair. Lasker was always strong in the endgame, and this is a prime example.
Oct-25-22
Premium Chessgames Member
  LIFE Master AJ: Didn't use an engine.

Long game. (Seen it before.)

Lasker's technique was nearly flawless.

Oct-25-22
Premium Chessgames Member
  LIFE Master AJ: I once had a similar position. My opponents King got overly brave, advanced to a3 ... and was mated.
Apr-13-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  NM JRousselle: Steinitz could have easily drawn had he found 63... f4!

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